Predict genetic combinations with precision. Support for monohybrid to pentahybrid crosses with detailed phenotypic and genotypic analysis.
A Punnett Square is a powerful genetic diagram used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits from their parents. Named after British geneticist Reginald Punnett, this tool helps visualize all possible genetic combinations in a cross.
Our calculator supports monohybrid (single gene), dihybrid (two genes), trihybrid (three genes), tetrahybrid (four genes), and pentahybrid (five genes) crosses, making it perfect for students, teachers, researchers, and genetics enthusiasts.
Key Features:
Step 1: Select Cross Type
Choose from Monohybrid (1 gene pair) to Pentahybrid (5 gene pairs) depending on how many traits you're analyzing.
Step 2: Enter Parent Genotypes
Input the genetic makeup of both parents using allele notation. Use uppercase letters for dominant alleles (A, B) and lowercase for recessive alleles (a, b). Example: AaBb represents heterozygous for two traits.
Step 3: Choose Display Options
Select between genotype or phenotype view, and choose color-coded or simple display mode for better visualization.
Step 4: Analyze Results
View your Punnett square with automatic calculations showing all possible offspring combinations and their probabilities.
Genotype vs Phenotype:
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup (e.g., Aa, BB), while phenotype is the physical expression of traits (e.g., brown eyes, tall height).
Dominant and Recessive Alleles:
Dominant alleles (uppercase) mask recessive alleles (lowercase) in heterozygous individuals. For example, in Aa, the dominant A trait appears.
Common Ratios:
Punnett squares are essential tools in genetics education and research:
Our calculator simplifies complex genetic calculations, making it ideal for homework, lab reports, research planning, and genetic analysis.
Parent Genotypes:
Parent 1: AaBb (Heterozygous for both traits)
Parent 2: AaBb (Heterozygous for both traits)Expected Results:
This classic dihybrid cross demonstrates independent assortment, one of Mendel's fundamental laws of inheritance.
Q: How many gene pairs can I analyze?
A: Our calculator supports up to 5 gene pairs (pentahybrid crosses), generating up to 1,024 possible offspring combinations.
Q: Can I download my results?
A: Yes! Click the Download button to save your Punnett square as a high-quality JPEG image for reports, presentations, or study materials.
Q: What's the difference between genotype and phenotype view?
A: Genotype shows the genetic code (e.g., Aa, BB), while phenotype shows the expressed traits (e.g., Dominant, Recessive). Use phenotype view to analyze trait expression.
Q: How do I enter dominant alleles?
A: When using phenotype mode, specify dominant alleles in the "Dominant Alleles" field. The calculator will automatically determine which traits are expressed.